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People of different ages, sexes, and ethnicities
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can have different risk levels for certain diseases.
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It's crucial that vaccines are safe and effective for all populations,
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to protect against many globally significant diseases.
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We are the Oxford Vaccine Group, a diverse team,
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with different skill sets and expertise
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developing and testing vaccines at the University of Oxford.
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Regulators and ethics committees must agree
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that a vaccine can be developed before any work begins.
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The development process itself takes several stages.
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Initial assessment in animals is required by the regulators.
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While scientists are working on reducing the need for this,
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it remains necessary in most cases.
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Then, a small group of healthy people, usually fewer than 100,
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receive the vaccine.
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Doctors watch out for side effects,
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scientists get an idea of how the body's immune system responds.
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Next, it's given to a larger group, usually a few hundred.
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Here, our team continues to look at side effects
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and the body’s immune response on a larger scale.
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After that, an even larger group of people,
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sometimes thousands or even tens of thousands, receive the vaccine.
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Our scientists want to work out how well it protects people.
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They also continue monitoring side effects.
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Following this comes a review by the agencies
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that oversee medical products.
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If they find that the vaccine is safe and works well,
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they can award it a license.
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Experts can then recommend its use if they think
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the vaccine is necessary for their country.
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Regulators continue to monitor the vaccine even after it is licensed.
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The vaccine manufacturer is required to report
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any unexpected or unwanted outcomes that may emerge.
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Vaccines offer protection against serious diseases.
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Our research protects families and future generations,
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ensuring a healthier future for everyone, including you.
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