This vaccine gives protection against tuberculosis (TB) infection. It is 70-80% effective against the most severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis. However, it is less effective in preventing the form of TB that affects the lungs. The BCG vaccine contains live bacteria that have been weakened (attenuated), so that they stimulate the immune system but do not cause disease in healthy people. However the vaccine should not be given to people who are clinically immunosuppressed (either due to drug treatment or underlying illness). This is because the vaccine strain could replicate too much and cause a serious infection. This includes babies whose mothers have had immunosuppressive treatment while they were pregnant or breastfeeding. For more information see the MHRA's Drug Safety Update (April 2016). From August 2018, the UK is using the BCG vaccine manufactured in Denmark by AJ Vaccines (see the Patient Information Leaflet). Before this, the UK was using an alternative BCG vaccine manufactured by InterVax. Who should have the vaccine?In the UK the BCG vaccine is not currently part of the routine childhood schedule. It is offered to those who are at higher risk of TB. The main risk groups for TB are:
Babies and children under 16 in any of these risk groups will usually be offered the BCG vaccine. The BCG vaccine does not work well in adults, but those aged up to 35 may also be offered the vaccine if their job has a high risk of contact with people or animals infected with TB. Adults are often given a skin test before they are offered the vaccine. This is to check whether they already have antibodies to TB (see 'More information about the vaccine' towards the bottom of the page). People with a past history of TB should not receive the vaccine. This is because they have an increased risk of adverse reactions to the vaccine. |